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ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS AFFECTING ADHERENCE TO ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY AMONG HIV INFECTED ADOLESCENTS ATTENDING ART CLINIC AT KAJJANSI HEALTH CENTRE IV, WAKISO DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
(Student’s Journal of Health Research Africa, 2023-06-26) Nantambi, Liz Birungi; Suubi, Mariam
HIV/AIDS pandemic remains a serious public health challenge globally therefore for ART to work efficiently, adherence is very essential. The study assesses factors affecting adherence to ART among HIV-infected adolescents attending the ART clinic at Kajjansi Health Centre. The study was cross-sectional and qualitative methods of data collection were used. The sample size of the respondents was 120 HIV-positive adolescents aged between 10 to 19 years attending the ART clinic at Kajjansi Health Center IV, the majority being males 69 (57.5%) and having attained secondary education 52 (43.3%). The biggest proportion 98 (81.7%) had ever missed taking drugs for reasons like having side effects, feeling better, and forgetfulness. The majority 86 (71.7%) had disclosed to relatives about their HIV and 64 (53.3%) were in boarding school. The biggest percentage 61.7% (74) did not know about their caregivers’ HIV status and the majority 60 (50%) reported a good relationship with the health workers. The low level of adherence to ART among HIV-infected adolescents at Kajjansi Health Center IV was attributed to patient-related factors like forgetfulness, side effects of the drugs, discrimination of adolescents, and being in boarding school. Caregiver-related factors like staying with biological parents, forgetfulness, poverty, and the HIV status of the caregiver also were positively associated with ART adherence and furthermore, health worker-related factors like relationship with the clients, maintaining confidentiality, and inadequate staffing. Increasing sensitization on ART adherence, increasing support to HIV service providers through improved budget allocations, educating adolescents on ART and how to adhere to treatment, orienting clients to other public facilities within their catchment area, and use of reminders to take drugs and seeking medical advice from health workers not only when side effects arise but also when they feel better.
BARRIERS FACED BY WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN SEEKING CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING SERVICES IN KATABI MILITARY HOSPITAL, WAKISO DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
(Lusike Joan, 2025-03-31) Lusike Joan; Kyere Olivia; Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu; Nalubega Jane Frank
Background Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common cancers among women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries. The study aims to assess the barriers faced by women of reproductive age in seeking cervical cancer screening services in Katabi Miltary Hospital, Wakiso. Methodology The study adopted a descriptive design using quantitative approach. This design was suggested to enable the researcher to capture information of respondents views in own words. Processed data was analyzed by grouping the same ideas together and interpreted. Finally, data was presented in form of graphs, tables, and pie chart. Results The majority of the respondents, 63.3%, reported that there were some social beliefs such as “not everyone should see a female’s genitalia, more so men if not their partners”. 45.0%, suggested fear of the results, (70.0%) of the respondents couldn’t afford the screening, 55.6% reported having fear towards CC screening, Socioeconomic findings 41.6% wouldn’t seek CC screening due to poverty, 65.0%) reported that the clinic hours were not convenient for them and 53.4% reported long waiting hours as one the other facility based barriers, 33.3% of them reported health workers having poor attitude while providing these services. The majority of the participants (58.3%) were Baganda by tribe. Conclusion The barriers faced by women of reproductive age in seeking cervical cancer screening services were the cost of screening services, inconvenient clinic hours, prolonged waiting hours, fear, and poor attitude of health workers. Recommendations. To the ministry, the government and other stakeholders such as NGOs, should establish more health facilities and equip them with supplies for cervical cancer screening so as to further avail services to its female citizens.
BARRIERS TO EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING PRACTICES AMONG HIV-POSITIVE MOTHERS ATTENDING POSTNATAL CLINIC AT KAJJANSI HEALTH CENTRE IV, WAKISO DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
(Namyalo Victoria, 2025-03-31) Namyalo Victoria; Bukenya Bony; Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu; Nalubega Jane Frank
Exclusive breastfeeding is critical for infant health, particularly among HIV-positive mothers. This study aimed to assess the barriers to exclusive breastfeeding among HIV-positive mothers attending a postnatal clinic at Kajjansi Health Center IV. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed to select 40 mothers. A simple random sampling method was used, and data was collected using a semi-structured researcher-administered questionnaire with both open and close-ended questions. Microsoft Excel was used for data analysis. Results 40 respondents participated in this study; the majority, 28(70%) of the respondents, were between 18-25 years of age, while only 01(2.5%) was above 35 years. 75% of the respondents knew that exclusive breast milk is important for HIV-positive mothers. However, 37.5% of the mothers were not sure whether taking ARVs during pregnancy and after childbirth reduces the chances of HIV transmission to the born baby, and 37.5% of them also mentioned replacement feeding as the ideal baby feeding method in the first 6 months. 62% of the respondents reported having sufficient breast milk for EBF. However, 65% of them reported sometimes having support from their partners to EBF, and 20% were not sure whether EBF is culturally accepted. Half of the mothers never got breastfeeding counseling during ANC, and 75% were not advised on EBF for the first 6 months at the health facility. Conclusion The study found good knowledge among most of the respondents. However, socioeconomic and health facility factors greatly contributed to barriers to EBF among HIV-positive mothers. Recommendation The government, through the Ministry of Health, should expand breastfeeding education during antenatal care and postnatal visits, emphasizing the health benefits of EBF beyond HIV transmission alone.
CORD CARE AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG MOTHERS OF BUWAMBO VILLAGE, WAKISO DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL DESCRIPTIVE STUDY.
(Student’s Journal of Health Research Africa, 2023-06-29) Lizinde, Allan; Suubi, Mariam
Cord care is the series of steps applied in the handling of the umbilical cord during and after the delivery of the newborn. Cord care is an educational and comprehensive medical activity that majorly prevents cord sepsis. To determine factors associated with cord care among mothers of Buwambo village. While the specific objectives were to assess maternal factors, health workers as well as community impact on maternal cord care practices among mothers of Buwambo village. The majority 83(83%) of the mothers in the study had sufficient knowledge about cord care, 11(11%) of the respondents reported the use of local herbs and other nonmedical substances and 6(6%) had very little knowledge about cord care, 77(77%) of the mothers in the study attended ANC 3 - 4 times, 11(11%) more than 4 times and 12 (12%) mothers attended only 2 times. 85(85%) of the mothers cleaned the cord 3 times a day, 9(9%) cleaned twice and only 6(6%) cleaned more than 3 times a day. 66(66%) of the mothers involved in the study were taught about cord care by a health worker and variations were only in the time of education, 31(31%) were taught by their mothers and elder relatives and only 3(3%) were self-taught. Cultural norms and practices like putting drops of breast milk in the urachus were discussed in the community. Maternal, community as well health workers in contact with the mother play an important role in maternal cord care practices. Mass sensitization of the public should go on to a complete understanding of the recommended cord care practices and their advantages. Any program aimed at creating mass awareness about advised cord care practices at the district level should be boosted by the people in charge
DETERMINANTS OF MALNUTRITION AMONG CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS IN PAGER DIVISION, KITGUM MUNICIPALITY, KITGUM DISTRICT: A DESCRIPTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
(Student’s Journal of Health Research Africa, 2023-06-26) Nalubega, Jane Frank; Turumanya, Judah; Onyach, Richard
The major objective of the study was to assess the determinants of malnutrition among children under five years in the pager division of Kitgum municipality. The specific objectives of the study were to: determine wasting, establish the feeding practices associated with wasting, and establish socioeconomic factors associated with wasting among children under five years at Pager Division Kitgum Municipality. This study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional study designed for children under five years among households in the pager division Kitgum municipality where 150 mothers of children selected using random sampling were interviewed. Data were collected using questionnaires, analyzed using the Epi Info program, and bi-variate analysis was used to determine the associated factors of wasting among children under five years. Results from the study analysis also confirmed how the child caretaker fed the child after six months, the type of food fed to a child at a meal, the amount the child’s caretaker earned per month, occupation of the mother, mother’s level of education, and the number of children under five years in a household were the most significant factors which affect malnutrition in children who were below 5 years of age in Kitgum Municipality. Results from the study confirmed that malnutrition was still high among children under five in the pager division Kitgum Municipality with wasting standing at 17.3% and high among children aged 6-11 months at 6%. The study recommended community nutritional interventions to address the root causes of malnutrition in regard to wasting. Similar community-based studies in the area of child nutrition are needed to determine the root causes of socio-economic and cultural drivers of malnutrition. Further research is needed to obtain an explanation regarding sex differentials with wasting across socio-economic strata.
ECONOMIC AND HEALTH FACILITY FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SELF-MEDICATION AMONG ADULTS AGED 18 TO 50 YEARS ATTENDING HENROB HOSPITAL ZANA. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
(Namagembe Zaliika, 2025-03-31) Namagemebe Zaliika; Nansereko Hasifa; Namubiru Rebecca; Nalubega Jane Frank; Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu
Background. Self-medication is becoming increasingly common among adults in Uganda. Despite its potential risks at the individual and community level, not enough studies have been done in Uganda on self-medication. This study examined individual factors associated with self-medication among adults aged 18 to 50 years attending Henrob Hospital Zana. Methodology. A cross-sectional study was conducted targeting adults attending Henrob Hospital. A total of 40 respondents were systematically selected and interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The outcome variable was the medication with or without a prescription from a doctor / medical worker. The information was manually tallied, and scientific measures were used to analyze the recorded information. Thereafter, Microsoft Word and Excel programs were employed, followed by presentation in the form of frequency tables, graphs, and figures like pie charts and bar graphs. Results. The majority of respondents were males 21(52.5%),24 (60%) were in the age group of 45-50 years, 26 (65 %) of the participants replied Yes to having used any drug for self-treatment, 16 (40%) reported being busy with daily programs, respondents who reported buying medicine without a prescription from the doctor majority were Christians 21(52.5), 22 (55%) of the respondents knew the dosage of drugs by enquiring from the seller and 26 (65%) of the respondents obtained their drugs from a community pharmacy. Conclusion. Self-medication in adults is associated with age, level of education, accessibility to pharmacies, occupation, and marital status. Recommendations. Ministry of Health and other responsible bodies, including the health workers, should strive to increase the knowledge of patients about the importance of reporting and obtaining medical consultation.
ENTERAL NUTRITION AND BURN WOUND RECOVERY OF PEDIATRIC PATIENTS: A CASE OF KIRUDDU NATIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL. A DESCRIPTIVE CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
(Student’s Journal of Health Research Africa, 2023-09-21) Nassiwa,Suzan; Kigozi, Fred; Nalubega, Jane Frank
The study aimed at finding the relationship between normal oral nutrition, use of liquid supplements, tube feeding, and burn wound recovery of pediatric patients at Kiruddu National Referral Hospital. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted among caretakers of pediatric burn patients using the prospective sampling method. Socio-demographic factors, medical history, dietary history, 24 hr. recall, and biochemical analysis were assessed. 45 caretakers of pediatric burn patients (mean age = 4.08) were studied. The patients sustained between 02-55% TBSA burns. The majority of burns occurred for children aged between 0-5. With (71.1%) largest burns caused by scalds, (20%) flames, and (8.9%) chemicals. Overall, 73.3% of pediatric patients were placed on normal oral nutrition while 26.7% were tube feeding. None of the pediatric patients under study received a liquid supplement. Data analysis of enteral nutrition feeding routes and nutrition outcomes was conducted using the chi-square. The results showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between normal oral nutrition, tube feeding, and white blood cells (p= 0.005), red blood cells (p= 0.001), hemoglobin (p= 0.000), platelets (p= 0.000), creatinine (p= 0.000), urea (p= 0.000), sodium (p= 0.000), potassium (p= 0.000), chloride (p= 0.000) and albumin (p= 0.002,). The blood cells, protein, and biochemical parameters are indicative of wound healing. With linear regression, the relationship between normal oral nutrition, tube feeding, and albumin was found to be of no significance (p=0.553). The study illustrated a significant relationship between normal oral nutrition, burn wound recovery, and a positive relationship between tube feeding and burn wound recovery of pediatric burn patients at Kiruddu National Referral Hospital. There is a need to carry out a biochemical analysis test that includes transferrin, transthyretin, magnesium, zinc, and copper as these tests can help in determining the nutrition status of the patients.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NURSING PROCESS AMONG NURSES AT ENTEBBE REGIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL, WAKISO DISTRICT. A DESCRIPTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
(Ninsiima, 2023-09-15) Ninsiima Doreen; Immaculate Naggulu; Bukenya
Background: In Uganda, the implementation of the nursing process among nurses is still a very big challenge, especially in many government hospitals. Failure to use the nursing process has led to a lack of continuity of patient care hence delaying the recovery process and outcomes. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors affecting the implementation of the nursing process among nurses at Entebbe Regional Referral Hospital, Wakiso district. Methodology: The study used a descriptive cross-sectional study design that used quantitative data collection methods. A convenience sampling method was used to select 32 respondents who responded to semi- structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed and presented using Microsoft Excel Programs that presented it in the form of frequency tables, pie charts, and graphs. Results: Nurse-related factors were; 25(78.1%) knew less than three steps involved in the nursing process, 18(56.3%) strongly disagreed that the nursing process should be mandatory and 30(93.7%) did not have enough time to use the nursing process. Institutional factors were; 24(75%) did not have policies regarding the use of the nursing process, 27(84.4%) were never supported during the use of the nursing process and 32(100%) reported the absence of designed forms for the nursing process. Conclusion: Nurse-related factors ranging from lack of awareness of steps involved in the nursing process, time inadequacy, and negative perceptions towards the nursing process negatively affected the implemen- tation of the nursing process. Institutional factors that hindered the implementation of the nursing process were the absence of designed nursing process forms, lack of motivation, and absence of policies. Recommendations: The Ministry of Health should design and supply standard nursing process documentation sheets and Entebbe Regional Referral Hospital should develop policies pertaining implementation of the nursing process, supervision, and motivation of nurses.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ADHERENCE TO DOLUTEGRAVIR-BASED REGIMEN AMONG ADULT HIV/AIDS PATIENTS ATTENDING ANTI RETROVIRAL THERAPY CLINIC AT MILDMAY UGANDA HOSPITAL. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
(Amutuhaire Griffin, 2024-03-01) Amututhire Griffin; Mutabazi Tobius
Background: The purpose of the study was to determine the adherence and factors associated with adult HIV patients on DTG regimens attending the ART clinic at Mildmay Uganda Hospital. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study design that used quantitative methods of data collection methods. Systematic sampling techniques were used to enroll every 2nd patient on DTG daily into the study. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2013 and presented using tables, pie charts, and graphs. Of the 30 respondents, non-adherence was 30% and this was common among participants aged 21-30 years (67%), those who had attained secondary school education level (67%), those taking alcohol (56%) and those not taking medication in time (56%). Results: Most of the study participants 15(50%) were aged 21-30 years. The prevalence of non-adherence was high (30%) and was common among youthful adults (21-30 years), with poor social behaviors like taking alcohol, low socio-economic status and not taking medication on time. Study findings showed that the majority (33%) of the non-adhering respondents were peasant farmers and this is where they earn their living. Conclusion: The prevalence of non-adherence was at 30% and was characterized by many factors. These were respondents aged between 21 and 30 years of age, young adults without partnership support, low education level, poor social behaviors like taking alcohol, low economic status, and those poor timing for taking drugs. Recommendations: The Ministry of Health should strengthen sensitization programs on DTG adherence through HIV treatment programs like community outreaches and community drug refills where HIV patients can be followed up and given drug refills from their homes.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH GROWTH MONITORING AND PROMOTION AMONG CHILDREN 0-23 MONTHS IN MALONGO SUB-COUNTY, LWENGO DISTRICT, CENTRAL UGANDA. CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
(Student’s Journal of Health Research Africa, 2023-06-27) Naula, Ketty; Nalubega, Jane Frank; Turumanya, Judah
The study explored factors associated with growth monitoring and promotion among children 0-23 months in Malongo sub-county, Lwengo district, central Uganda with specific objectives; assessment of Nutritional status of children, knowledge of caregivers, accessibility to Health facilities and Health-care package. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were applied to draw clearer correlations of findings. Questionnaires with semi-structured open and closed ended questions were used to collect data. Health staff were interviewed and observations made with a simple checklist. Pre-tests were carried out for result consistency and validity prior to community subjection. Most caregivers were knowledgeable about GMP services. 200(75.5%) had easy access to health facilities. A number of children were wasted 67(25%), stunted 47(17.5%) and underweight 51(19.2%) as per Z-scores. 190(71.7%) female caregivers, 200(75.5%) were cohabiting/married. Education levels did not impact much on GMP , elites 85(32.1%) never practiced what they knew. 63(23.8%) households at times went without a meal due to poverty. 30(11.3%) caregivers received GMP counseling. 240(90.6%) found functional facilities but 115(43.4%) expressed varying challenges. Nutritional status of children was majorly affected by knowledge differences, unacceptable food regarded as medicine where restrictions deprived children of balanced diets. Poor health-seeking practices due to poverty and negative attitude about the health sector contributed to undefined malnutrition. Boy children were more affected than girls. Malnutrition taking both undernutrition and over nutrition was more pronounced in boys than girls. Thus, double malnutrition burden is equally on the rise in low- and middle-income countries thereby calling for more efforts in regular GMP to solve and prevent anomalies especially in the first a thousand days of life. Health service points should be equipped with knowledgeable personnel, functional screening tools and nutritional supplements. Positive attitude should be promoted in both caregivers and health workers. Policy makers should prioritize MCH services.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH NEONATAL SEPSIS AMONG NEONATES AT KISENYI HEALTH CENTRE IV IN KAMPALA DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
(Wanjjiro Angellah, 2024-03-01) Wanjjiro Angellah; Nansereko Hasifa; Jane Frank
Background Neonatal sepsis is a systemic bacterial illness that affects neonates under the age of 28 days with or without bacteremia and in Uganda, 18.2% of the 19 per 1000 neonatal deaths are contributed by neonatal sepsis affecting the progress in improving maternal and child health. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors associated with neonatal sepsis among neonates in Kisenyi Health Centre IV, Kampala District. Methods The study used a descriptive cross-sectional study design that used quantitative data collection methods. A simple random sampling method was used to select 40 respondents. Data was analyzed and presented using Microsoft Excel 2013 that presented it in the form of frequency tables, pie charts, and graphs. Findings The findings of the study on maternal factors associated with neonatal sepsis were; that 70% had never attended antenatal care, 80% had untreated UTI during pregnancy and 60% had bathed the baby with herbs. Neonate-related factors included; 60% had babies born before 8 months and 70% had second to fifth order. Health facility–related factors; 60% had more than three vaginal examinations, 70% had not received antibiotics before delivery and 90% reported that wards were congested. Conclusion The study concluded that factors associated with neonatal sepsis were maternal factors, neonate-related, and health facility-related factors. Therefore, health education on appropriate neonatal care practices and adjustment of the quality of maternal and neonatal care practices should be done to reduce incidences of neonatal sepsis. Recommendations Ministry of Health should offer refresher training to health workers regarding the management of mothers in labor like avoiding unnecessary vaginal examinations. Furthermore, antibiotics should be supplied to health facilities to ensure routine provision among neonates.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH UNDER NUTRITION AMONG CHILDREN 2 – 5 YEARS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS IN BOMBO MILITARY BARRACKS, LUWERO DISTRICT CENTRAL UGANDA. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY DESIGN.
(Student’s Journal of Health Research Africa, 2023-09-21) Alimocan, Anna; Turumanya, Judah; Nalubega, Jane Frank
The HIV epidemic is a major public health concern and is associated with a range of long and short- term health consequences. Children living with HIV/AIDs related illnesses are still among the leading causes of infant mortality. This study sought to determine the factors associated with undernutrition among children 2 to 5yrs living with HIV in Bombo Military Barracks, Luwero District Central Uganda. The researcher used a descriptive research design to study the study variables. A sample size of 56 participants was selected. Both primary and secondary data sources were used by the researcher. Structured questionnaires, FGDs, and interviews were conducted to collect data, and this data was sorted, edited, coded, and analyzed using SPSS, Dedoose, and WHO Anthro software. The findings of the study showed that nutrition status of children is determined by socioeconomic factors and IYCF Practices. More females (60.9%) were enrolled in the study compared to males (39.3%). 6% of girls have a WFH <-3SD, 15% <-2SD, 34% <-1SD and 1% >+1SD. While, 4% of boys have a WFH <-3SD, 9% <-1SD and 26% >+1SD. Children aged between 2 – 3 years are more wasted with a Mean z-Score of -2SD compared to those aged between 4 – 5 years with a mean score of -1SD. This implies that the independent variable directly influences the independent variable. Data analysis has as well indicated that most of these children have been breastfed for over 12 months and hence introduced to home-cooked meals at the appropriate time. Ministry of health and organizations with nutrition-related programs should take into consideration providing HIV targeted nutrition education.
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO LATE ANTENATAL CARE BOOKING AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN BUDUDA HOSPITAL IN BUDUDA DISTRICT.
(Student’s Journal of Health Research Africa, 2023-06-27) Okwany,Jimmy; Kimono, AnnaMary
ANC booking is the first visit made by a pregnant woman. Despite of government’s commitment in provision of free ANC services most of the pregnant women have continued to delay booking and they have ended up with complications related to delay in diagnosis and management of pregnancy related conditions. The study is aimed at determining factors contributing to late ANC booking among pregnant women in Bududa hospital with the specific objectives being; to find out individual related factors, to establish health related factors and to assess community related factors contributing to late ANC booking among pregnant women in Bududa Hospital. A descriptive cross-sectional hospital based survey with both quantitative and qualitative approach as the research design conducted at ANC clinic in Bududa hospital in Bududa District in February. Altogether 95 respondents were taken and the respondents were pregnant women who had attended Antenatal care services in the hospital. The proportion of pregnant women who booked late for ANC in Bududa hospital was found to be 89%s. It was high and significant in age groups above 20 years i.e. between 20 to 30 years; 15 out of 25 pregnant mothers were late for ANC while those between 31-40years; 30 out of 35 came late, and almost all pregnant mothers above 40 years presented late for ANC (24 out of 25). Married pregnant women were 79% and pregnant women who had support were 78%. Pregnant women came late for ANC booking because they lacked support, distance, poverty, waiting for abdomen to enlarge, prohibited by husband, poor communication by health workers, bad weather, being rescheduled at the time of booking among others.
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO PNEUMONIA AMONG CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS AT NAGURU HOSPITAL, NAKAWA DIVISION IN KAMPALA DISTRICT, A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
(Mutono Denis, 2025-06-30) Mutono Denis; Bantia Mercy; Immaculate Prosperia naggulu; Nalubega Jane Frank
Background Pneumonia accounts for 10% of deaths in children under five in Uganda, with at least 25 children dying from it every day. Since 2012, the Government of Uganda has been scaling up strategies to prevent and treat pneumonia among young children. However, national targets remain unmet. This study, therefore, aimed at determining the factors contributing to pneumonia among children under 5 years old at Naguru Hospital in Kampala district. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional design involving the Questionnaire method of data collection was employed. A stratified random sampling method was used to select 100 respondents. The data was analyzed using SPSS and presented in tables, pie charts, and graphs using Microsoft Excel 2016. Results Most caregivers, 40 (40%), only attained primary education, while 13 (13%) had attained tertiary education. It was observed that 64 (64%) of the caregivers did not have a proper method of fecal disposal, and 48 (48%) were surrounded by smokers and other pollutants, passively affecting their under-five children. Socio-economic factors like poor ventilation, 70 (70%), and living in extended populations, 68 (68%) contributed to community-acquired pneumonia among the under-five children. Additionally, 50 (50%) of the respondents obtained income from casual labor, indicating low socio-economic status. 48 (48%) of the respondents had poor health-seeking behavior, a probable reason as to why 31% did not have access to health education. Conclusion The study concluded that environmental factors like poor waste disposal. There was poor health-seeking behavior among the caregivers concerning their under-five children. Poor ventilation and low income indicated a low socio-economic status among the caregivers, posing a great risk of pneumonia. Recommendation Ensure mass sensitization and health education of the community on hygiene and sanitary measures like proper toilet facilities to minimize the incidences of Pneumonia.
Factors Contributing to Puerperal Sepsis among Postnatal Mothers at Entebbe Regional Referral hospital, Wakiso District. A Cross Sectional Study.
(Nassozi Naema, 2025-09-30) Nassozi Naema; Mercy Bantia; Nalubega Jane Frank; Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu
Introduction In Uganda, puerperal sepsis presents a substantial risk to maternal health and deaths due to puerperal sepsis in the national referral hospital account for 12.7 % of the maternal mortality rate annually. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors contributing to puerperal sepsis among postnatal mothers at Entebbe Regional Referral Hospital. Methodology The researcher employed a descriptive cross-sectional design, utilizing quantitative methods of data collection from a sample of 30 respondents selected through simple random sampling. The data was analyzed using Microsoft Office programs and presented in the form of tables, graphs, and pie charts. Results The results, regarding maternal factors; 19 (63.3%) had received blood transfusion, 16 (53.3%) did not go to the facility with everything needed to use during child birth, 24(80%) had infections such as urinary infections during pregnancy and 14(46.7%) bathed twice in a day. Concerning the health facility factors; 21(70%) were examined more than 4 times by a health work to show progress of labour, 19(63.3%) were not monitored regularly during the whole process of pregnancy, 22(73.3%) did not get adequate health education concerning hygiene needed during pregnancy and 24(80%) mentioned that the available space at the facility is small to accommodate everyone. Conclusion In Conclusion, the factors identified were; being transfused with blood, lack of birth preparedness, infections during pregnancy, long duration of labour, and inadequate hygienic practices, multiple vaginal examination, lack of regular monitoring during pregnancy, lack of adequate health education and inadequate space at the hospital. Recommendations The health workers should develop comprehensive health education programs for pregnant women and their families, focusing on hygiene practices, early detection of infections, and the importance of prenatal care.
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO SEPTIC ABORTION AMONG WOMEN AGED15-45YEARS ATTENDING POSTNATAL CLINIC AT IRAN-UGANDA HOSPITAL, KAMPALA DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
(Nanambi Winfred, 2023-09-15) Nanambi Winfred; Nansereko Hasifa; Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu
Background: Septic abortion is an infection of the placenta and fetus, products of conception, of a pre-viable pregnancy. The purpose of the study was to examine the Factors contributing to septic abortion among women aged 15-45 years attending at IRAN-Uganda Hospital, Kampala district. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used to describe factors contributing to septic abor tion among women aged 15-45 years attending at IRAN-Uganda Hospital. A cross-sectional descriptive study design was adopted in this study that involved observation of a sample of a population or phe nomena that are made at one point in time. 30 respondents were involved in the study who were selected using convenient random sampling procedures. Results: (43.3%) of the women were aged 20-30 years, the majority of them (83.3%) were Catholics, half of them (50.0%) had never been to school, Majority (46.7%) of them were single. The majority of the respondents (46.7%) were employed, (93.3%) of them reported that the distance from home to the nearest health facility contributed to septic abortion, the majority (66.7%) reported unavailability of healthcare services being part of the factors leading to septic abortion,(56.7%)reported high cost of safeabortionservices,(70%) reportedthatPoorattitudeofhealthworkerswhereas (86.7%) saidLong waitingtime,majority (66.7%) reportedthat unnecessary requirementlikeparent’s or spouse consent before providing abortion services led to septic abortion Conclusion: Personal factors, socio-economic factors, and health facility-related factors contributed to septic abortions among the respondents hence advocacy is needed to improve and prevent septic abortions among women. Recommendation; Septic abortion among women can be reduced and managed by considering and maintaining a balance between regular health education talks aboutthe dangers of septic abortion and all categories of abortions, and mass sensitization of the community against practices of septic abortion
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO SUSCEPTIBILITY OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL AT ENTEBBE REGIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL WAKISO DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
(Nassuuna Bridget, 2025-06-03) Nassuuna Bridget; Nansereko Hasifa; Namubiru.T.Rebecca; Nalubega Jane Frank; Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu
Background The aim of the study is to determine the factors contributing to susceptibility of urinary tract infection among pregnant women attending antenatal at Entebbe regional referral hospital Wakiso district. Methodology The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional study design that used quantitative methods of data collection from 36 pregnant women who attended antenatal care at Entebbe Regional Referral Hospital. The study employed a simple random sampling technique to select the sample. The collected data were summarized on paper using a pen, tallied, analyzed using Microsoft Excel, and then presented in the form of tables, pie charts, and graphs. Results The majority, 30 (83.3%), of the respondents were married, and the least, 6 (16.7%), were single. Most, 25 (69.4%) of the respondents reported having one sexual partner, Most, 23 (63.9%) of the respondents did not change their undergarments, most, 20 (55.6%) of the respondents said Yes when asked whether they had ever had about UTI, majority, 31 (86.1%) shared toilets with their neighbors, 18 (50%) bathed twice in a day, 18 (50%) of the respondents urinated four times and above, majority, 23 (63.9%) of the respondents had no history of any chronic illness. Most, 12 (33.3%) of the respondents were attending their fourth antenatal visit. The Majority, 25 (69.4%) of the respondents had never inserted a catheter. Most of the respondents, 21 (58.3%), were multigravida mothers. Conclusions The susceptibility of urinary tract infections among pregnant women in Entebbe was 20.3% and was associated with Occupation, marital status, gravidity, and education level. Recommendations Ministry of health and other responsible bodies including the health workers should strive to increase the knowledge of patients about the importance of reporting and obtaining medical consultation.
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE PREVALENCE OF DENTAL CARIES AMONG ADULT (18-30) YEARS POPULATION IN NDEJJE HEALTH CENTRE IV, WAKISO DISTRICT – UGANDA
(Student’s Journal of Health Research Africa, 2023-09-21) Suubi, Mariam; Okwany, Jimmy
The purpose of this study was to identify factors contributing to the prevalence of dental caries among adults in Ndejje Health Center IV, Wakiso District. A descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted at the dental clinic and with both quantitative and qualitative approaches as the research design was conducted at Ndejje HCIV in Wakiso District in February. Altogether 85 respondents were taken and the respondents were men and women between 18-30 years who attended a dental clinic at the facility. More than half of the respondents 64% did not seek dental care in the past 6 months. , majority of the respondents 89% regarded it important to have regular dental visits, and the majority, of the respondents 87%, ascribed to the notion that dental diseases can be treated in the hospital but could not go when the need arises. The study revealed that more than half of respondents 53% brush their teeth once a day whereas only 20% brush after every meal and only 29.5% brush twice. The research has reflected less motivation and awareness of dental caries, making people more likely to risk developing caries. All the patients in the present study were informed of their estimated caries risk profile and were encouraged to improve their oral Socioeconomic status, educational level, and poor oral hygiene practices were associated factors for dental caries. Adequate policy guidelines for the supply and uptake of Dental health services in all health facilities in Ndejje HCIV. Streamlining the implementation of Oral health care by integrating it with other health programs. The Health facility should do outreach services and adequate mobilization and sensitization through radios and resourceful people to bridge the knowledge gap on dental health care and utilization.
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE PREVALENCE OF MALARIA AMONG CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE ATTENDING HEALTH CARE AT KATABI HEALTH CENTRE III, ENTEBBE MUNICIPALITY. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
(Ayebale Kugonza Christine, 2025-03-05) Ayebale Kugonza Christine; Habert Mpamize; Nansereko Hasifa; Nalubega Jane Frank; Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu
Background. Malaria is an urgent health priority; its treatment traps families in a cycle of illness, suffering, and poverty. This study aimed to assess the factors contributing to the prevalence of malaria among children under five years attending health care at Katabi Health Center III, Entebbe municipality. Methodology. A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was used, and semi-structured questionnaires were employed with statistical logistics to identify factors associated with the prevalence of malaria among children under five years. Results 92(61.3%) were Females, 37.3% of the participants were 25-34 years, 71(47.3%) were married, and 40% (60/150) of children tested positive for malaria. Statistically, caregivers with low education level (x2=13.405, p=0.004), religion (x2=9.963, p=0.019), drainage system (x2=9.040,p=0.003), cleared bush around homes (x2=4.714,p=0.029), staying close/far from swamp (x2=9.886, p=0.002) and altitude (x2=13.504, p=0.0002) had statistical significance in association with malaria prevalence. But also, caregivers who didn’t take their children to the health facility when sick (x2=10.155, p=0.017) and household factors like type of house (x2=11.866, p=0.003), preventive measures for mosquito bites (x2=10.155, p=0.017) and source of light used played a significant association with malaria prevalence in the under-fives. Conclusion. The Prevalence of malaria was high, and this was influenced by the level of education, religion, drainage system at home, bush around homes, and closeness to the swamp. Recommendation. The Ministry of Health should facilitate more studies in different areas on malaria prevalence, health education to caregivers, municipal administrators organizing meetings with plot owners, and government to reduce electricity generation costs in people’s homes to increase lighting.
FACTORS INFLUENCING FIRST ANTENATAL CARE AMONG PREGNANT MOTHERS DURING THE FIRST TRIMESTER AT KAJJANSI HEALTH CENTRE IV, WAKISO DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
(Nakalanzi Aisha, 2025-03-06) Nakalanzi Aisha; Namubiru Rebecca; Nalubega Jane Frank; Immaculate Naggulu Prosperia
Abstract Antenatal care during pregnancy is a measure to reduce the maternal mortality rate. The study aims to determine the factors influencing first antenatal care among pregnant mothers during the first trimester at Kajjansi Health Centre IV, Wakiso district. Methodology A cross-sectional quantitative study design used a simple random sampling technique. Data from the questionnaires was entered into the computer using the Microsoft Excel program. Analysis was done, and data was presented in the form of tables, figures, and statistical texts depicting respondents’ responses in frequencies and percentages. Results Most 5(45%) of the respondents mentioned delay in detecting abnormalities, 12(40%) thought one should start antenatal care, 11(38%) mentioned that distance to the facility hindered them. Majority 21(70%) of the respondents lacked ultrasound machine at the facility, Majority 18(60%) of the respondents spent long time waiting for service, 63% of the respondents were unaware of delayed ANC attendance. 53.3% of respondents reported that their religion restricted access to antenatal services. The study revealed that most respondents (40%) were between 18 and 20 years. Conclusion Level of knowledge and awareness about the risks of delayed ANC attendance, religious beliefs, geographic challenges, Inadequate healthcare infrastructure were the significant factors that influenced the timing of first ANC visit. Recommendations The government should improve access to healthcare services by expanding healthcare infrastructure in rural and underserved areas.

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